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Decason 0.5mg Tablet 1 Strip
Dexamethasone suppresses inflammation by preventing leukocyte migration and reversing increased capillary permeability. It also suppresses immune system activity.
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✅ Description:
Dexamethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid used in the management of severe allergic conditions, inflammatory disorders, and various other medical conditions, including:
- Allergic Conditions: Severe cases of asthma, atopic/contact dermatitis, drug hypersensitivity, rhinitis, and serum sickness unresponsive to conventional treatments.
- Collagen Disorders: Lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and related conditions.
- Dermatologic Diseases: Severe forms of erythema multiforme (Stevens-Johnson syndrome), pemphigus, mycosis fungoides, bullous dermatitis herpetiformis, and exfoliative erythroderma.
- Endocrine Disorders: Primary/secondary adrenocortical insufficiency, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypercalcemia linked to cancer, and nonsuppurative thyroiditis.
- Gastrointestinal Diseases: Ulcerative colitis and regional enteritis.
- Hematologic Disorders: Conditions like idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in adults, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and Diamond-Blackfan anemia.
- Neoplastic Diseases: Treatment of leukemias and lymphomas.
- Neurological Disorders: Used in acute multiple sclerosis exacerbations, cerebral edema related to tumors, head injury, or craniotomy.
- Ophthalmic Diseases: Uveitis, temporal arteritis, and inflammatory eye conditions resistant to topical corticosteroids.
- Renal Disorders: Management of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome and lupus-induced proteinuria.
- Respiratory Diseases: Treatment of sarcoidosis, pulmonary tuberculosis (alongside antituberculous drugs), eosinophilic pneumonia, and berylliosis.
- Rheumatic Disorders: Short-term therapy in psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, acute rheumatic carditis, and rheumatoid arthritis (including juvenile forms). Also used for dermatomyositis, polymyositis, and systemic lupus erythematosus.
- Miscellaneous Uses: Tuberculous meningitis, trichinosis with neurological or cardiac involvement, and adrenal function testing.
Mechanism of Action
Injection (IV, IM, or Local Use):
- Emergency IV therapy (e.g., anaphylaxis, severe asthma, cerebral edema): Initial dose of 10–20 mg IV, followed by 6 mg IV or IM every 6 hours until stabilized.
- Intra-articular: 2–4 mg for large joints, 0.8–1 mg for small joints.
- Intrabursal: 2–4 mg; in tendon sheaths: 0.4–1 mg.
- Dilution with Infusion Fluids: Can be diluted with solutions such as 0.9% Sodium Chloride, 5% Glucose, or Ringer’s solution and remains stable for at least 24 hours.
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✔️ Side Effects
Endocrine & Metabolic: Cushing-like symptoms, hirsutism, menstrual irregularities, adrenal suppression, impaired glucose tolerance, calcium imbalance.
Fluid & Electrolyte Disturbances: Sodium retention, hypertension, hypokalemia.
Musculoskeletal: Myopathy, osteoporosis, aseptic necrosis.
Gastrointestinal: Peptic ulcers, perforation, gastrointestinal bleeding.
Dermatologic: Delayed wound healing, skin thinning, acne, bruising.
Neurological: Mood swings, insomnia, euphoria, depression, psychotic reactions.
Ophthalmic: Increased intraocular pressure, cataracts.
Immunosuppressive Effects: Higher infection risk, reduced vaccine efficacy
✔️ Dosage & Administration
Dosage varies based on the severity of the condition and patient response. If no improvement is observed within a few days, continued use is not recommended.
Oral Tablets:
- Adults: 1–10 mg per day.
- Children: 0.03–0.20 mg/kg body weight per day.
- Higher doses may be necessary initially, followed by gradual tapering.
- Dexamethasone Suppression Test: 1 mg at 11 PM; plasma cortisol is measured the next morning. If needed, extended testing involves 0.5 mg every 6 hours for 48 hours, followed by 2 mg every 6 hours for another 48 hours.
✔️ Drug Interactions
- Diuretics & Cardiac Glycosides: Risk of enhanced potassium loss, increasing toxicity in patients on cardiac glycosides.
- Antidiabetics: May impair glucose tolerance, necessitating dose adjustments.
- NSAIDs: Increased risk of gastrointestinal ulcers.
- Oral Anticoagulants: May alter their effectiveness.
- Liver Enzyme Inducers (e.g., rifampicin, barbiturates, phenytoin): May reduce dexamethasone effectiveness.
- Salicylates: Caution when reducing steroid doses to prevent salicylate toxicity.
- Antacids (e.g., magnesium trisilicate): May impair steroid absorption; spacing doses is recommended.
✔️ Contraindications
- Active gastric or duodenal ulcers.
- Systemic fungal infections.
- Active viral infections (e.g., varicella, herpes).
- Glaucoma.
- Hypersensitivity to corticosteroids.
✔️ Pregnancy & Lactation
- Category C: Use only if benefits outweigh potential fetal risks.
- Glucocorticoids pass into breast milk; high doses may require discontinuation of breastfeeding.
✔️ Precautions & Warnings
- Use the lowest effective dose.
- Taper doses gradually to prevent adrenal insufficiency.
- Caution in hypertension, heart failure, renal insufficiency, osteoporosis, peptic ulcers, and psychiatric conditions.
- Growth suppression risk in pediatric patients—use a minimal effective dose.
✔️ Storage Conditions:
- Store in a cool, dry place away from light and moisture.
- Keep all medications out of children's reach.
⚠️Disclaimer:
At ePharma, we’re committed to providing accurate and accessible health information. However, all content is intended for informational purposes only and should not replace medical advice from a qualified physician. Please consult your healthcare provider for personalized guidance. We aim to support, not substitute, the doctor-patient relationship.
